In a 12-14 oz microwave-safe mug, whisk together the flour, sugar, cocoa powder, baking powder, and salt with a fork until no lumps remain.
Add the milk, oil, vanilla extract, and white vinegar to the dry ingredients. Stir gently with a fork for 15-20 strokes until just combined and smooth.
Add the red food coloring and stir 3-4 times until the batter is evenly colored. Avoid overmixing at this stage.
Tap the mug gently on the counter 2-3 times to release any air bubbles from the batter.
Microwave on high power for 60-70 seconds. The top should look just set with a slight sheen, not dry or cracked. If needed, microwave in additional 10-second intervals.
Let the mug cake cool for 1-2 minutes before eating. The cake will firm up slightly as it cools and is easiest to eat directly from the mug with a spoon.