Spray a 12-ounce microwave-safe mug generously with cooking spray, making sure to coat the bottom and sides completely.
Add the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt directly to the mug. Stir with a fork until evenly combined with no lumps.
Pour in the oil, milk, lemon juice, and lemon zest. Mix thoroughly with a spoon until the batter is completely smooth, scraping the bottom to incorporate all the dry ingredients.
Gently fold in the blueberries, then press 3-4 berries into the top of the batter for visual appeal.
Microwave on high power for 70-90 seconds, watching carefully. The cake is done when the center is just set but still looks slightly glossy. Start checking at 70 seconds to avoid overcooking.
Let the mug cake cool for 1-2 minutes before eating directly from the mug or carefully inverting onto a plate. Top with whipped cream or a dusting of powdered sugar if desired.